Glacier loss leads to drastic decrease in annual water yields.
Glaciers melting can impact water flow in basins. As glaciers retreat, basin runoff initially increases but then decreases due to changes in climate and vegetation. The speed and amount of runoff depend on the type of glacier and landscape. Continental glaciers lead to larger increases in runoff and take longer to reach peak runoff compared to maritime glaciers. After peak runoff, heavily vegetated areas see a faster decrease in runoff compared to rocky areas. Overall, glacier dynamics and landscape changes both play important roles in how glacier loss affects water resources.