National planning in Ghana involves two main systems: development planning and spatial planning. These systems use existing governance structures to achieve their goals. The chapter discusses the focus of national planning over the past 30 years and introduces the new spatial planning system. It also looks at the conflicts and overlaps between the two systems. Two key policy instruments, the National Spatial Development Framework and National Urban Policy Framework, are briefly discussed. The chapter also examines the challenges and ways to achieve long-term national spatial development goals within the constraints of medium-term development planning.