Maize production in Ghana is important but needs improvement. Fertilizer subsidies were introduced in 2008 to boost yields. A study looked at how profitable this policy is and what factors lead to high yields in northern Ghana. Results show that farms with above-average yields are profitable for households and help the economy. However, farms with lower yields need government help to be profitable. Surprisingly, fertilizers alone didn't increase high yields, but using better seeds and herbicides did. To increase maize productivity, farmers should focus on using supporting inputs and good management practices.