Improper disposal of agricultural residues in China causes energy waste and environmental issues. To help choose the best bioenergy technologies, this study evaluates seven options based on environmental, technological, economic, and social factors. By analyzing the entire life cycle of each technology, the study finds that direct-combustion power generation is best for the environment, while briquette fuel is most economically beneficial. Overall, direct-combustion power generation, gasification power generation, and briquette fuel are the most sustainable options for converting agricultural residues into energy.