The study looked at how using natural resources affects economic development in countries involved in China's "Belt and Road" initiative. They found that factors like population size and trade activities impact both natural resource use and economic growth. Surprisingly, the study showed that trade activities can have a different effect on economic development than expected. The researchers also discovered that countries still rely heavily on natural resources for economic growth, and that this reliance has long-term consequences. To improve sustainability, countries in the initiative should work together to create better trade practices and protect natural resources.