The paper looks at how having more public money available can help prevent financial crises. When banks have enough public money, it makes it easier for them to handle financial problems. Having more public money can reduce the severity of crises, help banks lend more money, but also make banks more vulnerable to economic shocks. The study shows that certain actions by the government, like QE1, can improve the economy significantly, while others, like QE infinity during COVID-19, can make banks more fragile and hurt the economy.