The researchers aimed to map soil salinity in a coastal area near a salty lake using satellite data. They analyzed the relationship between soil salt levels and how it reflects light, finding that certain spectral indices can predict soil salinity accurately. By applying geostatistical methods, they created maps showing where the soil is most salty. The study showed that using satellite data and spectral indices can help accurately estimate and map soil salinity, reducing the costs of traditional soil surveys in salty areas.