Farmers in Northeastern Ethiopia are struggling to produce enough food due to low productivity. To improve food security, farmers need to shift from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture. A study looked at factors influencing farm commercialization and fertilizer use. Lack of market access, livestock ownership, and off-farm jobs hinder crop sales. Larger farms and use of chemical fertilizer are key for higher production. Access to oxen and credit also boost fertilizer use. Policies promoting land markets and credit access are needed to support commercial farming in the region.