The article explores Marx's theory of historical materialism, which focuses on how economic relationships shape society. Marx believed that conflicts arise from differences in production and social structures. He argued that class struggles are a result of these imbalances. Marx also emphasized that people's social existence determines their beliefs and values. The study shows how Marx's ideas were influenced by German philosophy, British economics, and French socialism. Overall, Marx's theory helps explain how economic systems and social structures evolve over time.