A deep circulation groundwater flow system was studied in a mountain region with a hot spring. The researchers used geochemical analysis and isotopic measurements to understand the flow pattern. They found that water infiltrates from the surface to a depth of 3.8-4.3 km, where it is heated up to 170 °C in a geothermal reservoir. The groundwater flows through a fault pathway and is obstructed by a thrust fault before being recharged by the hot spring. Some of the groundwater mixes with cold shallow water. The deep circulation groundwater is chemically characterized by high levels of sodium, sulfate, chloride, and other elements. The study suggests that deep circulation convection occurs in mountain regions with specific fault structures and significant elevation differences.