Fuel cells are devices that make electricity and water from hydrogen and oxygen without burning fuel, making them eco-friendly. The most common type is the PEM fuel cell, which is well-developed and widely used. It has three parts: an anode, a membrane, and a cathode. Hydrogen goes in one side, oxygen in the other, and electricity comes out. The researchers focused on modeling and analyzing PEM fuel cells to understand how they work and improve their efficiency.