Rare earth elements were studied for their impact on inclusions in low-alloy structural steel production. Results showed that adding rare earth elements after different refining processes affected the inclusions differently: (1) Adding after LF furnace process led to low alloy yield and rare earth inclusions, with pure and coexisting La & Ce inclusions. (2) Adding after RH furnace process increased alloy yield and rare earth inclusions, with only coexisting La & Ce inclusions. Additionally, Nb precipitates decreased, along with Al and Mg contents in inclusions, indicating rare earth elements denature inclusions.