The article discusses how argument mapping can help students understand complex topics like optics. By using a program called Rationale TM, science teacher candidates were able to create interactive argument maps for the subject of lenses. These maps visually show the connections between different arguments and help with higher-level thinking. The study focused on examining argument maps for the "Lenses" sub-section of optics at the higher education level. The researchers found that argument mapping can be a useful tool in learning environments for visualizing and evaluating reasoning processes.