The evolution of the water right system in ancient China's Yellow River basin was studied in three historic stages. During the first stage, from Xianqin to the Han Dynasty, water right laws were established but not well-organized. The second stage, including the Tang, Song, and Yuan Dynasties, saw the development of more advanced and comprehensive water right laws. The third stage, covering the Ming and Qing Dynasties, marked a decline in feudal society and the rise of capitalism. The water right system in ancient China evolved due to these societal changes.