Microwaving and treating wheat straw with a chemical, NaOH, helps make more biofuel. By testing different amounts of time, heat, and NaOH, scientists found the best mix to break down wheat straw efficiently. This process removed a lot of the tough parts of the straw, like lignin, while keeping the useful parts intact, like cellulose. After treatment, the straw became more crystalline and longer, which benefits the biofuel production process. By using special bacteria, they released sugars that could be turned into ethanol. The best mix of microwaving and NaOH treatment produced the most sugar – 718 mg from each gram of straw! From this sugar, they made ethanol, and a lot of it – 68.2% of the expected amount in just four days. This shows that using microwaves, NaOH, and helpful bacteria together can make more biofuel for our needs.