Logical database design is the process of turning a basic idea of how data should be organized into a plan that a computer can understand. The goal is to make sure all the important information is kept and that it's easy to find and use. The researchers focused on how to change detailed diagrams into a format that works well with databases. They found that by using a method called Extended Entity-Relationship diagrams, they could make the transition to relational databases smoother and more efficient.