New crop coefficients improve water conservation in drought-stricken areas.
Evapotranspiration (ET) estimation for spring wheat in China's Loess Plateau was inaccurate using standard methods. The crop coefficients recommended by FAO overestimated ET by 55%. Drought stress significantly affected ET, with crop coefficients varying based on available water. A new model integrating drought stress factors improved ET estimation accuracy, outperforming the FAO-recommended coefficients.