The study looked at different ways to water winter wheat in North China to help farmers save water and improve crop yield. They tested sprinkler irrigation, surface drip irrigation, and flood irrigation with different watering schedules. The best results came from surface drip irrigation when watering at 60% soil moisture, leading to the highest grain yield and water use efficiency. This method required watering six times with 30 mm of water each time. Flood irrigation also did well when watered three times with 60 mm of water each time.