Water is essential for life, but its availability is decreasing due to population growth. Some regions face water scarcity, while others suffer from too much water causing damage. To manage water sustainably, a holistic approach is needed, considering social and economic factors. Challenges include ensuring safe drinking water, food and energy security, addressing climate change, managing water-related disasters, and maintaining environmental quality. Sustainable water management requires balancing competing needs and resources. Engineering solutions have played a crucial role in providing clean water, irrigation, flood protection, and power generation.