Dairy farms in Pennsylvania are looking for ways to protect water quality and save nitrogen when applying manure in the fall. A study found that injecting manure early helps conserve more nitrogen in the soil compared to broadcasting it. Winter rye planted before corn also helps retain nitrogen. Late-injected manure resulted in less nitrogen loss but caused some damage to the rye. Overall, injecting manure early and planting winter rye can help farmers save nitrogen and protect water quality on their farms.