The study looked at how water behaves in soil when sunflowers are grown and not watered. They studied a sandy loam soil in Brazil and found that water drains faster in the top layer of soil compared to deeper layers. The soil at a depth of 0.10 – 0.20 meters held more water and had a larger volume of available water due to its density and porosity. After 80 days without irrigation, water gradually moves from larger pores to smaller ones, limiting the amount available to the sunflower plants.