The article discusses how China is transitioning to a market economy without changing its political system. This gradual process focuses on building a market economy while keeping a single-party authoritarian government. In contrast, Central European countries underwent political changes alongside market transitions. The Chinese approach raises questions about the balance between economic efficiency and social justice, as well as the choice between an authoritarian system and democracy. The challenges faced by China after the 2007/8 financial crisis will impact its future position in the global economy.