The study looked at competition and profitability in different types of banks in China from 2003 to 2013. They found that non-interest income markets were more competitive than deposit and loan markets in the early years. Banks in highly competitive deposit markets had lower profits. However, banks in competitive loan markets had higher profits. Overall, competition in the loan market had a positive impact on profitability for all types of banks, while competition in the deposit market had a negative impact.