Soil erosion and landslides caused by heavy rainfall are threatening water resources in Taiwan. A study looked at streamflow, sediment load, and typhoon patterns in nine gauging stations across five basins in Taiwan from 2000 to 2017. They found that streamflow and sediment load are related, especially when grouped by sediment concentration. The Zhuoshui River basin had the highest sediment load. Upstream soil was more erodible than downstream soil, especially during typhoons. Different typhoon paths affected sediment export differently, but the Zhuoshui and Hualien River basins were consistently impacted. Sediment concentration, soil characteristics, and typhoon paths are key factors in sediment loads. This research can help in developing strategies for sustainable watershed management.