Maize and lupine crops grown together in North-Western Ethiopia respond well to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. By testing different levels of these nutrients, researchers found that applying the right amount significantly increased crop yields. The best results were seen with 162/45 kg N/P ha-1 at one location and 205/61 kg N/P ha-1 at another. These optimal rates also depended on the cost of the fertilizers and the prices of the crops. It was found that as nitrogen levels increased, the efficiency of nitrogen use by maize decreased. Intercropping maize and lupine can be a sustainable and profitable farming method for smallholder farmers in the region.