The study looked at how the population in Tuz Khurmatu district changed from 1977 to 2012. They compared the growth in this district to the growth in the whole province. The population grew at a rate of 3.4% from 1977 to 1987, which was slower than the province's growth rate. The growth rate then slightly decreased to 3% from 1987 to 1997. After that, the growth rate stayed stable until 2012. The study found that more people moved from rural areas to urban areas during this time, with urban population increasing from 49.7% in 1977 to 65.7% in 2012, while rural population decreased from 50.3% to 34.4%. This was because there were more job opportunities in cities, leading to migration from the countryside.