The article explores sustainable development in the Mediterranean through the lens of the olive oil industry. It emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that considers historical, socio-economic, and cultural factors. The study focuses on the challenges of promoting sustainability in the region, particularly in Andalusia, a major olive-producing area. It highlights the importance of equity, as industrialization has led to negative impacts on jobs, environment, and culture. The researchers suggest that a shift towards more ecological and traditional production systems is necessary to ensure long-term sustainability in the olive industry.