The researchers studied two crosses of rice plants to see how different traits are inherited. They found that traits like the number of tillers, filled grains, and plant yield have high genetic variability and heritability. This means these traits are influenced by genes and can be passed down to future generations. They also discovered that the number of tillers per plant has a strong positive effect on grain yield. This suggests that selecting plants with more tillers could lead to higher yields. Overall, the study shows that certain traits in rice plants are controlled by genes and can be targeted for improvement in breeding programs.