The article explores how to optimize investment portfolios to limit the risk of losing money. The researchers use a method called downside risk approach with shortfall constraints, focusing on the value at risk (VaR) benchmark. They create a mathematical model to find portfolios that have limited VaR and a minimum expected final value. They also develop a larger model to maximize the final value of a portfolio while limiting VaR. A case study demonstrates that these methods can effectively protect portfolios from downside risks.