Soil moisture levels vary in different vegetation types in karst areas of southwest China. Grasslands have the highest moisture content with little change, while bare, shrub, and forest lands have lower moisture levels with more variation. Soil moisture is higher in rainy seasons for most vegetation types, except for shrublands. More rain leads to increased moisture in forests and shrubs compared to bare and grasslands. Soil moisture peaks at different times for each vegetation type, influenced by pre-rainfall moisture levels. Temperature and wind speed negatively affect soil moisture, while humidity positively impacts it. These findings show how soil water content changes across various vegetation types in southwest China's karst regions.