The article discusses how traditional economic models can have limitations when analyzing specific trade policies in the agricultural sector. The researchers used a detailed modeling approach to study the impacts of trade tensions between the U.S. and China on sectors like vegetables, fruits, and nuts. By looking at individual commodities and tariff lines, they found that different trade policies can have varying effects on these sectors. The study used data from organizations like the Food and Agricultural Organization to analyze how retaliatory tariffs can impact agricultural exports.