The study looked at how different planting densities and tillage methods affect the yield and growth of high-yielding maize varieties. They found that increasing planting density up to a certain point can improve yields, but beyond that, yields may decrease. Subsoiling the soil can increase planting density and boost yields even further. The roots and canopy of the maize plants were affected by planting density, with subsoiling helping to maintain root health and canopy function. Overall, subsoiling led to higher yields, improved root growth, and better leaf health compared to traditional tillage methods.