The researchers studied the pollution potential of industrial waste from Challawa Industrial Layout on River Challawa in Nigeria. They measured various parameters in the effluent and river water, finding high levels of contaminants like lead, cadmium, and zinc. These levels exceeded safety limits set by environmental agencies for both industrial discharge and drinking water. The study showed that the effluent from the industrial area significantly impacts the overall water quality of the river, posing health risks to humans if used for irrigation or domestic purposes.