The vadose zone, located between the ground surface and the water table, plays a crucial role in controlling groundwater pollution. It holds water under tension, which can retain contaminants and prevent them from reaching the water table. The depth of the unsaturated zone affects how water and pollutants move from the surface to the aquifer. Understanding how fluids flow and moisture is retained in the vadose zone can help assess the risk of contamination. Soil properties and conditions in this zone have a significant impact on groundwater pollution.