The article explores how to assess the environmental impacts of projects or policies using a tool called Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). LCIA helps identify, evaluate, and reduce environmental harm caused by development activities. The researchers focused on using LCIA in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs). They analyzed different LCIA tools like Eco-indicator 99 and IMPACT 2002+ for these evaluations. By studying a Taiwanese naphtha cracking plant and solid waste policy, they demonstrated how LCIA can help understand and reduce environmental impacts in real-world scenarios.