Positive lightning leaders in storms move faster than previously thought, impacting safety.
Positive leaders in both intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning flashes have similar velocities, mostly ranging from 1 to 3 × 10^4 m/s. The average velocities for positive leaders in intracloud and cloud-to-ground flashes are 1.64 and 1.55 × 10^4 m/s, respectively. Positive leaders in intracloud flashes show a negative correlation with initiation altitudes and leader propagation altitudes. This negative correlation also exists for positive leaders in cloud-to-ground flashes but is weaker. Positive leaders in both types of flashes propagate at a stable velocity, unlike positive leaders in other types of lightning flashes that tend to accelerate during propagation. This suggests that positive leaders in intracloud and cloud-to-ground flashes have different propagation velocities compared to other types of lightning flashes.