The Wajh Formation in Saudi Arabia was studied to understand its rock layers and how they were formed. The researchers looked at the types of rocks present and how they are connected. They found that the formation is made up mostly of sandstones and conglomerates, with some mudstones and shale. The way the rocks are arranged is influenced by the movement of the Earth's crust and the materials that were available at the time. The researchers also discovered that the rocks' characteristics are affected by how they were originally deposited and by changes that happened after they formed. This study helps us understand how similar rock formations might behave underground.