The study examined the ecological impact of large-scale water-saving irrigation in an arid region of Northwest China. By studying irrigation methods and water sources, researchers found both positive and negative effects on the environment. They used models to evaluate how irrigation affects water flow and soil salinity. The research showed that large-scale water-saving irrigation can reduce water loss and benefit downstream environments. However, it may also reduce groundwater recharge and local water supply for farming. The findings highlight the importance of considering different factors for sustainable water use and ecosystem conservation in arid areas.