Researchers have developed effective methods to clean up soil contaminated with heavy metals. They use a combination of physical, chemical, and biological techniques, including planting special plants that can absorb metals. These plants, called hyperaccumulators, are sometimes replaced with genetically modified plants that can tolerate and absorb even more metals. However, the process of cleaning the soil can create new pollution. To address this, eco-friendly methods are needed to reduce the amount of waste produced and make better use of the cleaned soil.