The experiment studied how adding straw to the soil affects the yield of winter wheat and summer maize. They tested different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer with and without straw. Adding straw to the soil along with nitrogen fertilizer increased the grain yield of winter wheat and summer maize. The treatment with the best results was adding straw and 270 kg/hm2 of nitrogen. To maintain a good nitrogen balance, it is recommended not to exceed 360 kg/hm2 of nitrogen for winter wheat and summer maize.