The article discusses how Student's t-test, ANOVA, and ANCOVA are used to compare means between different groups. The t-test is for two groups, ANOVA is for three or more groups, and ANCOVA adjusts for covariates. A significant ANOVA result means at least one pair of groups has a significant mean difference. Multiple comparisons are used to find which pairs are significant. ANOVA can be one-way with one categorical variable or two-way with two. ANCOVA includes at least one covariate. It's important to have a sufficient sample size to avoid outliers affecting the results.