Fertilizing winter wheat increases soil nutrients and crop yield. Phosphorus fertilizer boosts available phosphorus in soil, while nitrogen fertilizer doesn't affect soil nitrogen levels. Fertilization raises soil nitrogen and phosphorus levels, enhancing nutrient absorption by the wheat. Nitrogen absorption peaks in the middle growth stage with fertilization. Phosphorus absorption shows two peaks with fertilization, compared to one peak without. More fertilizer leads to higher soil nutrient supply, crop nutrient absorption, and winter wheat yield.