The study looked at different types of rice plants to see which ones had the best traits for high yield and phosphorous content. They found that traits like single plant yield, shoot phosphorous content, and number of productive tillers per plant were important for good rice production. These traits are mostly controlled by genes and can be improved through selection. They also discovered that having lower shoot phosphorous content can actually help increase phosphorous use efficiency for grain production. Overall, the number of productive tillers per plant had the biggest direct impact on grain yield, followed by plant height and phosphorous content in the grains.