This research looked at how well urbanization is happening in 12 cities in Gansu Province, China. They looked at both the quality of how the population is growing in cities and how land is being used. By creating measurements for these qualities, they found that just looking at how quickly cities are growing doesn't show how good the growth is. They discovered that the quality of urbanization is getting better overall in Gansu Province but that not using land efficiently is holding back progress. In 2013, most cities had better-quality population growth compared to land use, except Lanzhou. In general, the urbanization quality in these cities is at a lower coordination stage, showing that improvements are needed to make the process more effective.