The article explores how efficiently using intellectual capital affects the performance of pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh. The researchers analyzed data from annual reports over five years to see how human capital, structural capital, and capital employed impact financial performance. They found that human capital had the biggest influence on return on assets, while structural capital affected asset turnover negatively. Intellectual capital didn't predict market-to-book value or investment decisions. This study sheds light on how companies in emerging economies can create value and improve financial performance.