This review looks at how supply chains are managed, focusing on both moving goods to customers (forward) and taking back used or excess goods (reverse). The study points out that many past studies have only looked at one aspect and not at how they work together. The researchers observed that things like transportation, storing goods, choosing where to put facilities, and sharing information all impact how well a supply chain works. They found that when these factors are managed well in a closed-loop supply chain, it positively affects how businesses perform.