The study looked at how nitrogen fertilizer and water management affect the quality of long grain rice in two experiments. They found that adding more nitrogen increased grain yield and improved milling quality in most modern rice varieties. The rice grown in wetland conditions had higher yields and better quality compared to rice grown in aerobic conditions. Overall, high yielding rice varieties responded well to nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in better quality rice. Grain chalkiness was more consistent across different environments compared to head rice yield.