The article discusses the importance of ecosystem health and ecological security due to increasing environmental impacts from industrial development. It reviews the definitions and applications of these concepts, noting that while research on ecosystem health has progressed, research on ecological security is lacking. The distinction between ecosystem health and ecological security is clarified: ecosystem health refers to the normal state of an ecosystem, while ecological security involves the ability of an ecosystem to withstand external threats. A healthy ecosystem does not guarantee ecological security, which requires resilience to risks.