Photovoltaic devices are being developed to convert solar energy into electricity more efficiently and affordably. Researchers are exploring new materials like organic and perovskite-based technologies that can make lightweight, flexible, and inexpensive solar cells. By studying the crystallization process of these materials, scientists have achieved direct phase conversion without the need for high-temperature processing, leading to easier fabrication of solar cells in the future. Additionally, controlling the crystallization kinetics of 2D perovskites and optimizing the vertical phase separation in organic thin films are key steps towards improving the performance of solar cells.