The study analyzed how land cover and heat island effects changed over time in six districts of Chongqing's main city. Using satellite images, researchers found that impervious surfaces increased by 419.38% from 2001 to 2018, while vegetation decreased by 17.81%. Yuzhong District had the most significant heat island effect, with a coefficient 0.35 higher than the average. The direction and speed of impervious surface growth were closely linked to heat island formation. Water areas had lower heat island effects, while impervious surfaces had higher effects. The study provides insights for urban planning in Chongqing to address heat island issues.